{"id":4660,"date":"2023-02-09T16:36:05","date_gmt":"2023-02-09T16:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhd.org\/?post_type=resource&#038;p=4660"},"modified":"2023-02-10T19:24:43","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T19:24:43","slug":"guidelines-for-conducting-oral-history-interviews","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/nhd.org\/zh\/resources\/guidelines-for-conducting-oral-history-interviews\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8fdb\u884c\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><strong><em>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u8bbf\u8c08\uff1f\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u8bbf\u8c08\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6216\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u3001\u89c1\u8bc1\u6216\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u98df\u7269\u914d\u7ed9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91c7\u8bbf\u5f53\u65f6\u5bb6\u4eba\u7528\u914d\u7ed9\u5238\u8d2d\u4e70\u98df\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u53d9\u8ff0\u201d\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u5177\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5177\u6709\u98df\u7269\u914d\u7ed9\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u662f\u4e8c\u6b21\u6765\u6e90\u91c7\u8bbf\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong><em>\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u91c7\u8bbf\u3002<\/em><\/strong> \u5728\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u521b\u5efa NHD \u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5 <strong><em>\u4e0d\u662f<\/em><\/strong> \u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8c\u6b21\u9762\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h3  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u91c7\u8bbf\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u91c7\u8bbf\u66f4\u597d\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">National History Day\u00ae \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u662f <strong><em>\u4f60\u7684<\/em><\/strong> \u5206\u6790\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b66\u8005\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u6765\u6e90\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e66\u9762\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u60a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5206\u6790\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8bbf\u8c08\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><strong><em>\u9762\u8bd5\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u9762\u8bd5\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5 <strong><em>\u4e0d\u662f<\/em><\/strong> \u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6765\u6e90\u8bbf\u8c08\u3002\u9762\u8bd5\u662f <strong><em>\u4e0d\u662f <\/em><\/strong>NHD \u9879\u76ee\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b83\uff01\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u4f9b\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e8c\u624b\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5 <strong><em>\u51cf\u5c11<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9605\u8bfb\u4ee5\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>\u6709\u5173\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e0e\u6b21\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u89c2\u770b\u6b64\u89c6\u9891\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure  class=\"has-preview-poster wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\" ><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<a class=\"embed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=U64dm2xrzyI\" aria-label=\"\u64ad\u653e\u89c6\u9891\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"poster source-youtube lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/U64dm2xrzyI\/sddefault.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/a><script class=\"html-template\" type=\"html\/template\"><iframe title=\"NHD Quick Tip: Oral Histories versus Interviews with Experts\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/U64dm2xrzyI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6311\u9009\u548c\u59a5\u5584\u6574\u5408\uff0c <strong><em>\u4e3b\u8981\u8d44\u6e90<\/em> <\/strong>\u8bbf\u8c08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8fdb\u884c <strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c<\/strong> \u8bf7\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>1. \u5b8c\u6210\u80cc\u666f\u8c03\u67e5<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u624b\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u4fe1\u8a89\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u60a8\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee <a href=\"https:\/\/nhd.org\/zh\/by-topic\/nhd-tips\/\">NHD \u63d0\u793a\u9875\u9762<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>2. \u786e\u5b9a\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u62a5\u7eb8\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u526a\u8f91\u548c\u65e5\u8bb0\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8bbf\u8c08\/\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u53d9\u8ff0\/\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u88ab\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002\u672c\u9875\u5e95\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"><strong>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a <\/strong>\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u8bbf\u8c08\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u53d9\u8ff0\u201d\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002&nbsp;<\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>\u5b8c\u6210\u6b65\u9aa4 1 \u548c 2 \u540e\uff0c <\/strong>\u95ee\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8fd8\u7f3a\u5c11\u54ea\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6216\u586b\u8865\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u586b\u8865\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60a8\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u786e\u5b9a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><strong><em>\u786e\u5b9a\u5e76\u8054\u7cfb\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u91c7\u8bbf\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u5f3a\u60a8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u60a8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u8054\u7cfb\u8c01\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u60a8\u6240\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6cd5\u5ead\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u8be5\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u60a8\u60f3\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4ea4\u8c08\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u672a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6216\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5916\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5236\u4f5c\u60a8\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a <\/strong>\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u60a8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u662f\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u6216\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u4e5f\u4f1a\u662f\u8be5\u4eba\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u79d8\u4e66\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8054\u7cfb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u80cc\u666f\u5982\u4f55\uff09\u65f6\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>1. \u4ece\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u5740\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5934\u8854\u5f00\u59cb\u3002 <\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u743c\u65af\u5973\u58eb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u62fc\u5199\u3002&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>\u8bb0\u5f97\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fNHD<\/strong>\u3001\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e3b\u9898\uff08\u5982\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>4<\/strong>. <strong>\u8bc1\u660e\u4f60\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6709\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3<\/strong>.\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u91c7\u8bbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c2\u70b9\/\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d21\u732e\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u5f3a\u60a8\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff1f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>5. \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\uff0c\u8bf7\u8be2\u95ee\u65e5\u671f<\/strong> \u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u9884\u8ba1\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\u65f6\u957f\uff08\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a20-30 \u5206\u949f\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u60a8\u548c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u533a\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u65f6\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a <\/strong>\u201c\u6211\u4f4f\u5728\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u5728\u5723\u8def\u6613\u65af\u3002\u4e2d\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u5468\u4e09\u3001\u5468\u56db\u6216\u5468\u4e94\uff082 \u6708 8 \u65e5\uff09\u4e0b\u5348 3:30 \u5230 5:30 \u6709\u7a7a\u5417<sup>\u65e5<\/sup>, 9<sup>\u65e5<\/sup>, \u6216 10<sup>\u65e5<\/sup>)?\u201d<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>6. \u6821\u5bf9\u60a8\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong> \u8bf7\u60a8\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e5f\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>7. \u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u3002 <\/strong>\u6284\u9001\u60a8\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u6216\u5bb6\u957f\/\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u966a\u540c\u60a8\u53c2\u52a0\u9762\u8bd5\uff08\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\uff09\u6216\u53c2\u52a0\u5728\u7ebf\u9762\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>8. \u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u8bf7\u7acb\u5373\u56de\u4fe1\u3002<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u5bf9\u65b9\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u8003\u8651\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u201c\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u5219\u786e\u8ba4\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u5730\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><em>\u51c6\u5907\u9762\u8bd5<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\">\u5728\u5b89\u6392\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u60a8\u5373\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u8be5\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u8bd5\u65f6\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>1. \u63d0\u524d\u5199\u4e0b\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong> \u60f3\u60f3\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u91c7\u8bbf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\" class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a <\/strong>\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u662f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5426\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u51fa\u4e8e\u826f\u5fc3\u62d2\u670d\u5175\u5f79\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c08\u8c08\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u673a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u80de\u76f8\u6bd4\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5f3a\u60a8\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>2. \u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5206\u914d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4 <\/strong>\u5728\u5199\u4e0b\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u60a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u4e3a\u9762\u8bd5\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u2014\u2014\u60a8\u4e0d\u60f3\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u8ba9\u60a8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>3. \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8981\u6c42<\/strong> \u8bf7\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u60a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u526f\u672c\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>4. <\/strong>\u63d0\u524d\u5f81\u5f97\u5f55\u97f3\u8bb8\u53ef\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u9762\u8bd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4f60\u8bd5\u56fe\u5199\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u8ff0\u65f6\u8981\u6c42\u9762\u8bd5\u5b98\u91cd\u590d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u663e\u5f97\u63aa\u624b\u4e0d\u53ca\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>5.\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong> \u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e72\u6270\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e0a\u8bfe\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u9759\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u542c\u5230\u88ab\u91c7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u542c\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>6.\u53d1\u9001\u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u63d0\u9192\u786e\u8ba4<\/strong> \u5728\u60a8\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u524d\u4e00\u4e24\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>7. \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4eb2\u81ea\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411 <\/strong>\u5e76\u4e3a\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u505c\u8f66\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u7559\u51fa\u989d\u5916\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd8\u8ba1\u5212\u5e26\u4e00\u4f4d\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u60a8\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u60a8\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>8. \u4e8b\u5148\u7ec3\u4e60\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong> \u4ee5\u4fbf\u60a8\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e0e\u60a8\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u4e92\u52a8\u5e76\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u540e\u7eed\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u968f\u8eab\u643a\u5e26\u95ee\u9898\u6e05\u5355\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u50cf\u9605\u8bfb\u6742\u8d27\u6e05\u5355\u90a3\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u9605\u8bfb\u9875\u9762\u3002\u60a8\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u4e3a\u60a8\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5b83\uff01<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>9. \u5728\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u6216\u51c6\u65f6\u5230\u8fbe\uff0c<\/strong> \u5f53\u4f60\u8bf4\u4f60\u613f\u610f\u6216\u66f4\u65e9\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>10. \u5728\u7535\u8bdd\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u53e3\u5934\u611f\u8c22\u60a8\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u3002<\/strong> \u63d0\u8bae\u5728\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5206\u4eab\u60a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>11. \u5199\u4fe1\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u611f\u8c22\u4fe1<\/strong> <strong>\u7b14\u8bb0<\/strong> 24\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>12. \u5982\u679c\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u8868\u793a\u6709\u5174\u8da3<\/strong> \u5728\u770b\u5230\u4f60\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5c55\u89c8\uff0c\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d1\u9001\u5b83\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><strong>13. \u6700\u540e\uff0c<\/strong> \u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u60a8\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u8868\u60a8\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u548c NHD\u3002\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\uff01<\/p>\n\n<h2  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><strong><em>\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<h3  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u7ebf\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"http:\/\/historymatters.gmu.edu\/mse\/oral\/online.html\">\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/legislative\/research\/special-collections\/oral-history\/\">\u7acb\u6cd5\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u8bbf\u8c08<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oralhistory.org\/centers-and-collections\/\">\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u534f\u4f1a\uff08\u63d0\u4f9b 50 \u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u9986\u85cf\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\uff09<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"https:\/\/awc.utah.edu\/oral-histories\/index.php\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nmaahc.si.edu\/explore\/initiatives\/oral-history-initiative\">\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u5021\u8bae\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oralhistory.library.ucla.edu\/\">\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5206\u6821\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a><\/p>\n\n<h3  class=\"appear-on-scroll wp-block-heading\" ><span class=\"text\"><strong>\u51c6\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalww2museum.org\/oral-history-resources\">\u4e8c\u6218\u535a\u7269\u9986\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u6307\u5357<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"appear-on-scroll\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/folklife\/edresources\/edcenter_files\/interview-guide.pdf\">\u56fd\u4f1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u91c7\u8bbf\u5f55\u97f3\u6307\u5357<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u4f55\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u91c7\u8bbf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684 NHD \u9879\u76ee\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u6307\u5357<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"featured_image_background_position":"","cta_label":"","cta_icon":"","promoted":false,"priority":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[46,47,40,42,41,48,49,79,80,50],"resource-type":[16,19,21],"content-type":[],"post-topic":[104],"contributor":[],"contest-taxonomy":[],"partner-taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-4660","resource","type-resource","status-publish","hentry","tag-documentary","tag-exhibit","tag-first-year-participant","tag-high-school","tag-middle-school","tag-paper","tag-performance","tag-students","tag-teachers","tag-website","resource-type-classroom-tool","resource-type-project-creation","resource-type-research-skill","post-topic-nhd-tips"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Guidelines for Conducting Oral History Interviews - National 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